Similar to stevonnie, steven is some kind of fusion of his human half (coming from his father, greg) and his gem half (coming from his mother, rose quartz/pink).
But similar to human genetics, a body cannot function or be made without the part from either the father or mother.
So that scene where white diamond took out his gem seperated his mother and father half. Human steven is so much weaker than gem steven because, as I’ve said earlier, a body cannot function without either the mother or the father half according to HUMAN genetics. Gems do not need any parents to be made. They are just born grown and matured enough to be ordered and do their tasks physically but not emotionally or mentally.
Gems still mature over time through experiences and find out different feelings as they experience many things. The human steven was the one who mostly sympathized and connected with the gems who was unable to understand their emotions throughout the series. The human steven was the one we saw connect with their feelings to be able to reach through them. That’s why when gem steven was seperated from human steven, he was so much less emotional or was not able to sympathize with the damage he had caused to the gems around him when he blocked white diamond’s attacks, unlike human steven. He only felt emotions when he was reunited with his human half.
So, in a way, gem steven represented his physical strength while human steven represented his emotional strength. Apart they are weak in different aspects but together they form what we know of Steven.
This also explains why steven couldn’t possibly be his mom, because gem steven was unable to sympathize or feel emotions unlike rose. She experienced a lot of things and underwent a lot of pain so she has had her own emotional maturity different from steven.